Does a Differential Pair Need a Return Plane?

A differential pair is any two transmission lines. When each transmission line has a return plane, its pretty clear how the differential impedance is related to the geometry. But what if there is no... [more]

The 5 Ws of Flex Circuits

The 5 Ws of Flex Circuits is a breakdown of the basics of flexible circuits: What is flex? Why use flex? Who should know flex? When to use flex Where to use flex   Presenter Ata Syed is... [more]

Best DFM Practices for Board Engineers

There is more to board design than placing parts and connecting the signals electrically. Those who design the board can make a huge impact on the ease of fabrication and assembly just by adhering... [more]

Causes of Signal Degradation in PCB Transmission Lines

Signal degradation on PCB transmission lines manifests in many forms: undershoot, overshoot, ringing, pulse shape distortion, switching noise, attenuation, ground bounce, skew, etc. All these can be... [more]