Does a Differential Pair Need a Return Plane?

A differential pair is any two transmission lines. When each transmission line has a return plane, its pretty clear how the differential impedance is related to the geometry. But what if there is no... [more]

The PCB Design Process from Cradle to Grave

This half-day course is an overview (past, present, and future) of the interactions of processes, people and technologies involved in the complete lifecycle of a PCB design. This course is designed... [more]

PC Board Grounding to Control Noise, EMI and Signal Integrity

When time-varying (AC) signals travel in the transmission lines of a board, state-changing electric and magnetic fields are present. These fields, when not controlled, are the source of noise and... [more]

PCB Design Techniques to Improve ESD Robustness

Raise the shields, Scotty! Starting with some simple definitions for ESD/EOS, this session describes the important differences in the energy involved and the type of damage that can result. The... [more]