Reverse Engineering PCBs: How to Recreate a Lost Design

Maintaining a product is very difficult when: The source files aren’t available Only Gerber files and maintenance documents are available Making a revision to a company-owned product with no... [more]

Millimeter-Wave Concepts Can be Used to Optimize the Performance of High-Speed Digital Circuits

Understanding millimeter-wave (mmWave) concepts can benefit RF designers, high-speed digital circuit designers and fabricators. In the RF industry, as frequency increases many circuit properties... [more]

Causes of Signal Degradation in PCB Transmission Lines

Signal degradation on PCB transmission lines manifests in many forms: undershoot, overshoot, ringing, pulse shape distortion, switching noise, attenuation, ground bounce, skew, etc. All these can be... [more]

Designing and Analyzing High Frequency Interconnects

High frequency PCB designs carry a unique set of challenges due to concentration of signal power in a narrow bandwidth. To design high frequency interconnects, designers must consider an entire... [more]