Millimeter-Wave Concepts Can be Used to Optimize the Performance of High-Speed Digital Circuits

Understanding millimeter-wave (mmWave) concepts can benefit RF designers, high-speed digital circuit designers and fabricators. In the RF industry, as frequency increases many circuit properties... [more]

From Smart Factory Automation to Digital Twin Standard: Ushering a New Era for Design and Manufacturing

The new IPC Digital Twin standard (IPC-2551) defines an interoperable framework in which thousands of applications from multiple sources work seamlessly together, providing the opportunity for... [more]

Does a Differential Pair Need a Return Plane?

A differential pair is any two transmission lines. When each transmission line has a return plane, its pretty clear how the differential impedance is related to the geometry. But what if there is no... [more]

PC Board Grounding to Control Noise, EMI and Signal Integrity

When time-varying (AC) signals travel in the transmission lines of a board, state-changing electric and magnetic fields are present. These fields, when not controlled, are the source of noise and... [more]